Dos de Mayo Celebrations Change Focus

Plaza Dos de Mayo loses its annual festival

The anniversary of Madrid’s rebellion against French invaders on May 2 (dos de mayo) has long been a good excuse to throw a huge street party. However, since the pandemic, the way Madrileños celebrate has changed radically. While the biggest party used to be in Plaza dos de Mayo, according to El Diario authorities have now shut this down after the square became infamous for illegal macrobotellon street drinking parties. When the festival reappeared in 2023, the main stage was relocated to Sol in the hopes of making the event more family-friendly with a greater emphasis on the historical context of the event. This year year too citizens of Malasaña have been disappointed as Sol has again been named as the official venue with open-air concerts held on May 1 and 2.  

Grand reenactment 

That’s not the only change. Post pandemic, there’s been a growing focus on the bloody battle with historical reenactors bringing the distant event back to life. Last year,  300 people participated in a parade and reenactment and 2024 sees these numbers swell to a massive 1,000, making it the largest historical reenactment in Spain since the bicentenary of the event back in 2008. A military parade of French and Spanish soldiers will march through the city before battling it out in a reenactment of a key battle in Sol at 7pm. While a battle did take place in Sol oddly, the reenactment will focus on the battle of Plaza dos de Mayo. The timeline of this reenactment is also skewed as the inciting event will occur later at 9pm outside the palace, as French troops begin to take away hapless Infante Francisco de Paula. 

Not rolling over without a protest

To save yourself some confusion on the day, here’s my breakdown of events: On May 2 1808 the last remaining members of Spain’s royal family were getting ready to be shipped off to France. Fearing perhaps that if they didn’t keep on Napoleon’s good side they’d wind up (just as their French cousins had) with their severed heads rolling around an executioner’s basket, the Bourbons barely made a peep to protest the move while Madrileños were encouraged to do the same with the authorities instructing citizens to exercise restraint and to treat the French forces with respect.

On the face of it, it appeared that Spain had fallen to French rule with barely a whimper of protest. Napoleon had – by gaining permission from the Spanish king to march his troops into the country on the pretext of invading Portugal – subjugated an entire nation with a cheap trick. Nothing seemed to stand in his way. Nothing that is except for an unruly gang of ordinary Madrileños who appeared outside the palace demanding that Infante Francisco de Paula remain. As the French began to take the last member of the royal family away, the crowd turned ugly. Stunned, the French forces unwisely opened fire sparking off a bloody war of independence that was to bring the French emperor to his knees.

Spontaneous rebellion

Though the French were convinced a conspiracy was afoot, one of the most surprising things about the uprising on May 2 is that it was not orchestrated by anyone, rather, it was a spontaneous action made by a fiercely patriotic populace who simply refused to tolerate the idea of French rule. Incredible when you consider the fact that they were facing trained heavily-armed French troops without any support from the Spanish army – who had been given strict orders not to intervene.

Despite being outgunned, the citizens of Madrid fought with sticks, hoes, and even pitchforks all over the city. Huge battles raged in the streets and even women got involved throwing whatever heavy objects came to hand down onto the heads of French soldiers. It would, of course, be a losing battle. In Goya’s Charge of the Mamelukes, you can get an idea of the carnage that ensued; it shows Napoleon’s fearsome Mameluke troops cutting down Madrileños with curved swords in Puerta del Sol.

Reckless bravery

Still, the reckless bravery displayed by Madrid’s working-class majos was what finally inspired some Spanish soldiers to act. Captain Pedro Velarde along with Luis Daoíz defied orders and led a group of soldiers out to the Monteleón barracks where they defended their position against the French. They were assisted by ordinary men and even women, such as Clara del Rey, who joined in a hopeless battle to defend the barracks.

Refusing to give into French demands to surrender, the Spanish made their last stand in an archway to the barracks before being killed. All that remains of this building today is this very arch which sits in the middle of Plaza Dos de Mayo behind a statue of Daoíz and Vellarde. Other heroes of the uprising included Manuela Malasaña, who was shot the next day for defying the French and whose memory was so well-loved that the whole area of Maravillas was renamed in honour of her bravery. Other female heroines included Clara del Rey, a 42-year-old woman who fought alongside her husband and sons.

Along with Manuela and Clara, around 400 or so Spanish were executed on May 3, 90% of whom were ordinary private citizens. It was their actions that inspired the military to take up arms against the occupying forces eventually leading to the liberation of the country in 1814 and the restoration of the lily-livered Ferdinand VII to the throne. Ferdinand’s subsequent betrayal of Spain’s working classes is an even more tragic story perhaps better left for another day…

The future for Dos de Mayo festivities

For the foreseeable future, it looks as if the Fiestas de Dos de Mayo will remain focused in Sol, kicking off at 5pm with the last performance starting at 9pm. This last act is a DJ, but besides this, the programming looks a lot more conventional with a focus on traditional music. There will be other events throughout the city but nothing in Plaza dos de Mayo. A little sad then to look at the picture below when revellers were innocent of what was to come.

What do you think? Should the festival return to its original site? Please leave a comment!

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